Container storing freeze-dried biological sample

ABSTRACT

Embodiments of the invention relate to a container holding, and a method of storing, freeze-dried biological samples. In particular, there is provided a container holding a freeze-dried material comprising a biological sample, the container comprising a chamber having an upper portion and a lower portion, the chamber comprising a wall and the lower portion being fluidly connected to the upper portion such that, when liquid is received at the upper portion, the received liquid can pass to and accumulate in the lower portion. Further, the freeze-dried material is located in the lower portion, and the container comprises a physical structure in the form of a stop protruding inwards from the wall, the physical structure being for inhibiting the freeze-dried material from moving from the lower portion of the chamber to the upper portion of the chamber. This ensures that the biological sample can be kept in a lower portion of the tube, ensuring that, when the biological sample is subsequently reconstituted by inserting water, substantially all of the biological sample is dissolved.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to containers for holding and methods forstoring freeze-dried biological samples.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Biological samples, such as tissue or cellular extracts or lysates,enzymes, proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, fatty acids, glycerides,carbohydrates, oligosaccharides and saccharides, are commonly preparedat a first site, stored in a container, and transported to a second sitefor processing. One example of this is in diagnostic devices and/or inDNA/RNA amplification processes. This may require that the biologicalsample, which may be an enzyme such as a polymerase or reversetranscriptase, is stored for significant periods of time in thecontainer and/or subject to vibrations and/or other external forcesduring transportation.

A convenient way of supplying such biological samples is to freeze-drythe biological sample in the container prior to transportation. Thecontainer is typically a tube of cylindrical cross-section having asingle internal chamber. The freeze-drying process typically involvesfreezing a liquid sample, reducing the ambient pressure, and thengradually adding enough heat to allow sublimation of the water containedwithin the frozen liquid. The result is a coagulated, dehydrated sampleformed at the bottom of the container; the container is then sealed andthe biological sample (which may contain an enzyme) is stored, andtransported, in this freeze-dried state.

When the biological sample is subsequently required for processing, itcan be reconstituted by adding water to the freeze-dried material. Theamount of biological sample dissolved for a given volume of water addedcan be critical; for example, if the amount of biological sampledissolved is too small, the strength of the solution may beinsufficient.

However, it has been observed that when the freeze-dried material issupplied in existing tubes, some of the freeze-dried material remainsun-dissolved when water is subsequently added. This can result in asolution of insufficient strength, as mentioned above.

Furthermore, biological samples freeze-dried, stored and transported inthis way are often of high value; accordingly, un-dissolved biologicalsample is wasteful and can increase costs.

It is an object of the present invention to at least mitigate some ofthe problems of the prior art.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In accordance with a first aspect of the present invention, there isprovided a container holding a freeze-dried material comprising abiological sample, the container comprising a chamber having an upperportion and a lower portion, the chamber comprising a wall and the lowerportion being fluidly connected to the upper portion such that, whenliquid is received at the upper portion, the received liquid can pass toand accumulate in the lower portion, wherein the freeze-dried materialis located in said lower portion, and the container comprises a physicalstructure protruding inwards from the wall, the physical structure beingfor inhibiting the freeze-dried material from moving from the lowerportion of the chamber to the upper portion of the chamber, and whereinthe freeze-dried material defines a first cross-section and the physicalstructure comprises a stop extending inwards from an internal wall ofsaid chamber, thereby defining a second cross-section, the secondcross-section having a dimension smaller than a corresponding dimensionof the first cross-section.

Since the freeze-dried material is inhibited from moving out of thelower portion of the chamber, it can be contained within a given volume,ensuring that when the material is subsequently reconstituted by theinsertion of a liquid into the container, all of the freeze-driedmaterial can be dissolved in the liquid, ensuring that the reconstitutedsolution is of the required strength. Further, since a physicalstructure is used to prevent the movement of the freeze-dried material,the use of a chemical, such a bonding agent, which may interfere withthe composition of the reconstituted material can be avoided.

In addition, because the chamber has upper and lower portions, with thefreeze-dried material being kept in the lower chamber, the freeze-driedmaterial can be kept away from any seal applied to the upper portion;this avoids the contamination which may result from such contact.

Alternatively or additionally, in some embodiments the freeze-driedmaterial defines a first cross-section and the physical structurecomprises a stop extending inwards from an internal wall of saidchamber, the stop defining a second cross-section, the secondcross-section having a dimension smaller than a corresponding dimensionof the first cross-section. The stop may define a boundary between theupper portion of the chamber and the lower portion of the chamber. Thestop may thus define a volume of the container within which thefreeze-dried material is maintained. In some embodiments, the stopcomprises a collar that is integrally formed with the chamber.Alternatively, the stop may comprise a movable insert, the movableinsert being movable within said chamber, thereby varying the extent orposition of said boundary. Using a movable collar enables the volume ofthe chamber within which the freeze-dried material is maintained to bevaried.

Preferably, the container comprises a physical structure comprising atextured surface, which further increases the bonding surface areabetween the freeze-dried biological sample and the chamber.

The container may be of a plastics material.

The chamber may have a substantially circular cross-section.

Preferably, the upper portion extends from a first end of the container,and the container comprises a seal at the first end.

In accordance with a second aspect of the present invention, there isprovided an apparatus storing a freeze-dried material comprising abiological sample, the apparatus comprising; a plurality of containersaccording to the first aspect of the invention; and a base platesupporting the plurality of containers.

The apparatus may comprise a base plate of a plastics material.

In accordance with a third aspect of the present invention, there isprovided a method of storing a biological sample, comprising: providinga container, the container comprising a chamber having an upper portionand a lower portion, the chamber comprising a wall and the lower portionbeing fluidly connected to the upper portion such that, when liquid isreceived at the upper portion, the received liquid can pass to andaccumulate in the lower portion; inserting a material containing abiological sample into the chamber and accumulating the liquidbiological sample in the lower portion of the chamber; and performing afreeze-drying process on the material, whereby a freeze-dried materialcomprising said biological sample is formed in the lower portion,wherein the container comprises a physical structure protruding inwardsfrom the wall, the physical structure being for inhibiting thefreeze-dried material from moving out of the lower portion., and whereinthe freeze-dried material defines a first cross-section and the physicalstructure comprises a stop extending inwards from an internal wall ofsaid chamber, thereby defining a second cross-section, the secondcross-section having a dimension smaller than a corresponding dimensionof the first cross-section.

In accordance with a fourth aspect of the present invention, there isprovided a container holding a freeze-dried biological sample, thecontainer comprising a chamber having an upper portion and a lowerportion, the lower portion comprising a wall and being fluidly connectedto the upper portion such that, when liquid is received at the upperportion, the received liquid can pass to and accumulate in the lowerportion, wherein the freeze-dried biological sample is located in saidlower portion, and the wall comprises a rough surface to which thefreeze-dried biological sample is bonded, whereby the freeze-driedbiological sample is prevented from moving from the lower portion to theupper portion.

A further aspect of the invention provides the use of the container ofthe first aspect, and/or the array of the second aspect, and/or thecontainer of the fourth aspect for processing a biological sample.

Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparentfrom the following description of preferred embodiments of theinvention, given by way of example only, which is made with reference tothe accompanying drawings.

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BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows a cross-section view of a container holding a freeze-driedmaterial;

FIG. 2 a shows a perspective view of another container for holding afreeze-dried material;

FIG. 2 b shows orthographic projections of the container of FIG. 2 aholding a freeze-dried material;

FIG. 3 a shows a perspective view of a container for holding afreeze-dried material comprising a biological sample according to afirst embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 b shows orthographic projections of a container holding afreeze-dried material comprising a biological sample according the firstembodiment;

FIG. 4 a shows a perspective view of a container for holding afreeze-dried material comprising a biological sample according to asecond embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 a shows a perspective view of an array of containers for holdinga freeze-dried material comprising a biological sample according toembodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 5 b shows a perspective view of an array of containers for holdinga freeze-dried material comprising a biological sample according toembodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 5 c shows a plan view of an array of containers for holding afreeze-dried material comprising a biological sample according toembodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 5 d shows a side view of an array of containers for holdingfreeze-dried biological samples according to embodiments of the presentinvention;

FIG. 6 a shows a perspective view of an alternative arrangement in whichthere is no physical structure holding a freeze-dried materialcomprising a biological sample; and

FIG. 6 b shows an orthographic projection of an alternative arrangementin which there is no physical structure holding a freeze-dried materialcomprising a biological sample.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In FIG. 1, a container in the form of a tube 100 is provided, the tube100 comprising a chamber 102 having a wall 104, an upper portion 106,and a lower portion 108, the lower portion 106 holding a freeze-driedmaterial comprising a biological sample; the freeze-dried material ishereinafter referred to as a cake 110. Typically, the cake 110 is in adisc-shaped form. The tube 100 comprises a physical structure 112 toinhibit movement of the freeze-dried biological sample from the lowerportion 108 of the chamber 102 to the upper portion 106 of the chamber102. The tube 100 comprises a first end 114, which may initially be openin order to enable insertion of the material prior to freeze-drying, andsubsequently closed with a seal (not shown).

The external dimensions of the tube 100 may be fixed at an industrystandard for ease of handling, for example, automated handling byexisting laboratory equipment. Typically, the tube 100 is 8 mm indiameter and 18.3 mm long. Typically, the internal dimensions of thetube are large enough in both diameter and depth to accommodate standarddispensing tools, for example pipetting needles in automated dispensingsystems; this has the advantage that there is no need for readjustmentor calibration of existing tools.

The biological sample may comprise an enzyme, such as a polymerase,reverse transcriptase or any other enzyme, blood, tissue, serum or anyother biological substance.

In FIGS. 2 a and 2 b, a tube 100 a is provided in which a physicalstructure 112 in the form of protrusions, herein referred to as fins200, extends inwards from the wall 104 a of the chamber 102 a, andextends longitudinally along a direction parallel to the axis L of thetube 100 a.

FIG. 2 a shows the tube 100 a prior to insertion of the biologicalsample. The tube 100 a is initially open at a first end 114 a, fromwhich the upper portion 106 a extends. During preparation, a material(typically in liquid form) containing the biological sample, is insertedinto the chamber 102 a via the first end 114 a and allowed to accumulatein the lower portion 108 a. A freeze-drying process is then performed sothat the material is dehydrated in the lower portion 108 a, and in andaround the spaces between the fins 200, thereby forming the cake 110shown in FIG. 2 b. The freeze-drying process bonds the cake 110 to thefins 200. The additional contact area between the cake 110 and theinternal surface of the tube 100 a provided by the fins 200 increasesthe strength of the bond between the cake 110 and the tube 100 a,thereby increasing the ability of the tube 100 a to hold thefreeze-dried cake 110 in place. Further, the shape of the freeze-driedcake 110 comprises recesses into which the fins 200 fit. Thisinterlocking fit between the freeze-dried cake 110 and the fins 200prevents rotation of the freeze-dried cake 110 about the centrallongitudinal axis L of the tube 100 a, further reducing the likelihoodof detachment.

The first end 114 a may be sealed, subsequent to insertion of thematerial that is to be freeze-dried with a seal (not shown). The seal,which may be an impermeable seal, may be made of flexible foil, polymerlaminate and/or any other suitable material, and may be held in placewith a permanent or semi-permanent adhesive. When the freeze-driedmaterial is required for subsequent processing, the seal may be removed,or penetrated by a dispensing needle, for example. Since the cake 110 iskept in the lower portion 108 a of the chamber 102 a, it is kept awayfrom the seal. This is advantageous because contact with the seal cancause contamination of the freeze-dried biological sample.

When the biological sample is subsequently reconstituted, by inserting,for example, water into the tube 100 a, provided that sufficient volumeof water is inserted to fill the lower portion 108 b, it can be ensuredthat substantially all of the cake 110 is dissolved in the water.

FIGS. 3 a and 3 b show an embodiment of the present invention in whichthe tube 100 b comprises a stop in the form of a collar 300 extendinginwards from the wall 104 b of the chamber 102 b. FIG. 3 a shows thetube 100 b prior to insertion of the biological sample. As was describedabove in relation to FIGS. 2 a and 2 b, the tube 100 b is initially openat a first end 114 b, from which the upper portion 106 b extends.

During preparation, a material (typically in liquid form) containing thebiological sample, is inserted into the chamber 102 b via the first end114 b and allowed to accumulate in the lower portion 108 b. Afreeze-drying process is then performed so that the material coagulatesin the lower portion 108 b, below the collar 300, thereby forming thecake 110 shown in FIG. 3 b, the cake 110 being bonded to the wall 104 bof the chamber 102 b.

The cake 110 is formed in the lower portion 108 b below the collar 300such that it has a larger external diameter than the internal diameterof the collar 300. In this way, the cake 110 is inhibited from movingthrough the aperture formed by the collar 300 and is kept in the lowerportion 108 b of the tube 100 b. Thus, the position of the collar 300defines the boundary between the upper portion 106 b and the lowerportion 108 b, and the volume of the lower portion 108 b within whichthe cake 110 is held. When the biological sample is subsequentlyreconstituted, by inserting, for example, water into the tube 100 b,provided that sufficient volume of water is inserted to fill the tube100 b up to or higher than the level of the collar 300, it can beensured that substantially all of the cake 110 is dissolved in thewater.

The first end 114 b may be sealed, subsequent to insertion of thematerial that is to be freeze-dried with a seal as described above inrelation to FIGS. 2 a and 2 b.

Typically, the collar 300 comprises a substantially semicircular ribwith a radius of 0.24 mm running parallel to, and 4.2 mm above, the baseof the chamber 102 b of the tube 100 b.

The collar 300 described in this example is integrally formed with thewall 104 b of the tube 100 b. However, in some embodiments, a collar isprovided by a separate component which is inserted into the tube 100 b.This separate component may take the form of a ring, and may be held inplace by an interference fit. The position separate component within thetube may be adjustable, allowing adjustment of the boundary between theupper portion 106 b and the lower portion 108 b of the chamber 102 band, therefore, the volume of the lower portion 108 b.

In one embodiment, shown in FIG. 4, rather than using a physicalstructure 112 to inhibit movement of the cake, the surface of theinternal walls 104 c of the lower portion 108 c of a tube 100 ccomprises a textured portion 400 to improve the adhesion of thefreeze-dried cake 110 onto the internal walls 104 c of the tube 100 c.The textured portion 400 effectively increases the contact area betweenthe freeze-dried cake 110 and the wall 104 of the tube 100 c. Thetextured portion 400 may comprise a regular pattern of surface features,such as a knurled surface, or may comprise a rough surface with randomlyvarying surface features. The additional adhesion provided by theincreased surface area increases the force required to detach the cake110 from the tube 100 c and, therefore, reduces the likelihood ofdetachment. The cake 110 may be formed using a freeze-drying process asdescribed above in relation to FIGS. 2 a to 3 b.

In this embodiment no other physical structures 112 are present in thelower portion 108 c of the tube 100 c and the freeze-dried cake 110 isheld in place solely by adhesion to the interior walls of the tube 100c. However, it will be understood that the textured portion 400 may beused in combination with any of the physical structures 200, 300 in theembodiments described above, or indeed with any other form of physicalstructure for inhibiting the freeze-dried material from moving from thelower portion 108 of the chamber 102 to the upper portion 106 of thechamber 102. For example, the fins 200 described above in relation toFIGS. 2 a and 2 b may themselves be textured in order to furtherincrease the strength of the bond between the cake and the fins 200; inthe embodiment described above in relation to FIGS. 3 a and 3 b, thetextured portion could be positioned in the lower portion 108 b belowthe collar 300.

Any of the tubes 100 described above may be used as individualcontainers or may be arranged, as in FIG. 5 a, in an array 500 forsubsequent parallel or batch processing. In the embodiment shown, thetubes 100 are arranged in an 8×12 rectangular array on a base plate 502with external dimensions corresponding to the SBS industrial standardfootprint. Typically, the base plate 502 is 127.76 mm long and 85.48 mmwide.

The array 500 may comprise an impermeable seal 504, which covers theopen first ends 114 of each of the tubes 100 as shown in FIG. 5 b. Inthis example, the seal 504 may comprise a continuous sheet in contactwith each of the tubes 100; alternatively, the tubes could beindividually sealed, as described above. The seal 504 may be held inplace with a permanent or semi-permanent adhesive. The seal 504 may bemade from a flexible foil/polymer laminate or any other suitablematerial. The seal 504 may be penetrated by a dispensing needle orremoved from the tubes 100 prior to use by breaking the semi-permanentadhesive bond.

The base plate 502 of the array 500 may comprise identifyinggrid-coordinates 506, as shown in FIG. 5 c, correlating with thepositions of each of the tubes 100 to enable identification andaddressing of individual samples.

The base plate 502 of the array 500 may comprise an identification tag508 comprising coded computer readable identification information, asshown in FIG. 5 d. The tag 508 may comprise a barcode 508 a that can bescanned and compared with a database of sample identification codes;other types of tag 508 may be used, for example an RFID tag.

Crush ribs may be added to the external walls of the tube 100 toincrease the structural strength of the tube 100 without increasing theoverall external dimensions of the tube 100.

The tube 100 and array 500 may comprise a chemically and biologicallyinert material that can withstand temperatures in the range −40° C. to50° C. or more. Suitable materials include polycarbonate, polystyrene,or polypropylene. The tube 100 may be manufactured using an injectionmoulding process or by any other appropriate method. The array 500 maybe manufactured as a single component using an injection mouldingprocess or the tubes 100 and the base plate 502 may be manufactured asdiscrete parts and assembled and fixed together by, for example, anultrasonic weld or by any other appropriate method.

FIGS. 6 a and 6 b show an alternative tube 100 d in which no physicalstructure 112 inhibits movement of the cake 110. In this arrangement,the tube has a chamber 102 d having a volume arranged to besignificantly lower than the external volume of a tube 100 d but notsignificantly larger than the volume of liquid required to reconstitutethe cake 110. This allows the external dimensions of the tube 100 d tobe arranged to, for example, satisfy an industry standard, but theinternal volume 102 d to be reduced, thereby reducing the volume withinwhich the cake 110 can move. Typically, while the external length of thetube 100 d remains at 18.3 mm, the internal depth of the tube 100 d isreduced to 6.9 mm. The effect of this is to reduce the risk of thefreeze-dried cake 110 occupying a volume that is not subsequently filledwith a liquid during subsequent reconstitution of the biologicalmaterial (for example, an enzyme). It will be understood that thisarrangement may be used as an individual container or in an array 500,as described above.

Embodiments of the present invention are typically to be used for DNA orRNA amplification procedures such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR)that have common application in a variety of fields including molecularbiology, medicine and forensic science.

The above embodiments are to be understood as illustrative examples ofthe invention. Further embodiments of the invention are envisaged. Forexample, although in the embodiment described above with reference toFIGS. 2 a and 2 b, there is no physical indication of a boundary betweenthe lower portion 108 b and the upper portion 106 b, in some embodimentsan indication of the boundary may be provided, for example in the formof a mark or protrusion on the wall 104 b of the chamber 114 b.

It is to be understood that any feature described in relation to any oneembodiment may be used alone, or in combination with other featuresdescribed, and may also be used in combination with one or more featuresof any other of the embodiments, or any combination of any other of theembodiments. Furthermore, equivalents and modifications not describedabove may also be employed without departing from the scope of theinvention, which is defined in the accompanying claims.

1. A container holding a freeze-dried material comprising a biologicalsample, the container comprising a chamber having an upper portion and alower portion, the chamber comprising a wall and the lower portion beingfluidly connected to the upper portion such that, when liquid isreceived at the upper portion, the received liquid can pass to andaccumulate in the lower portion, wherein the freeze-dried material islocated in said lower portion, and the container comprises a physicalstructure protruding inwards from the wall, the physical structure beingfor inhibiting the freeze-dried material from moving from the lowerportion of the chamber to the upper portion of the chamber, and whereinthe freeze-dried material defines a first cross-section and the physicalstructure comprises a stop extending inwards from an internal wall ofsaid chamber, thereby defining a second cross-section, the secondcross-section having a dimension smaller than a corresponding dimensionof the first cross-section.
 2. The container of claim 1, wherein thestop defines a boundary between the upper portion of the chamber and thelower portion of the chamber.
 3. The container of claim 1, wherein thestop comprises a collar integrally formed with said chamber.
 4. Thecontainer of claim 1, wherein the stop comprises a movable insert, themovable insert being movable within said chamber, thereby varying saidboundary.
 5. The container of claim 1, wherein said physical structurecomprises a textured surface.
 6. The container of claim 1, wherein thecontainer is of a plastics material.
 7. The container of claim 1,wherein the chamber has a substantially circular cross-section.
 8. Thecontainer of claim 1, wherein said upper portion extends from a firstend of the container, and the container comprises a seal at the firstend.
 9. The container of claim 1, wherein said biological samplecomprises an enzyme.
 10. An apparatus storing a freeze dried materialcomprising a biological sample, the apparatus comprising: a plurality ofcontainers according to any preceding claim; and a base plate supportingthe plurality of containers.
 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein thebase plate is of a plastics material.
 12. The apparatus of claim 10,wherein said biological sample comprises an enzyme.
 13. A method ofstoring a biological sample, comprising: providing a container, thecontainer comprising a chamber having an upper portion and a lowerportion, the chamber having a wall and the lower portion and beingfluidly connected to the upper portion such that, when liquid isreceived at the upper portion, the received liquid can pass to andaccumulate in the lower portion; inserting a material containing abiological sample into the chamber and accumulating the material in thelower portion of the chamber; and performing a freeze-drying process onthe material, whereby a freeze-dried material comprising said biologicalsample is formed in the lower portion, wherein the container comprises aphysical structure protruding inwards from the wall, the physicalstructure being for inhibiting the freeze-dried material from movingfrom the lower portion to the upper portion, and wherein thefreeze-dried material defines a first cross-section and the physicalstructure comprises a stop extending inwards from an internal wall ofsaid chamber, thereby defining a second cross-section, the secondcross-section having a dimension smaller than a corresponding dimensionof the first cross-section.
 14. The method of claim 13, wherein saidbiological sample comprises an enzyme.
 15. A container holding afreeze-dried material comprising a biological sample, the containercomprising a chamber having an upper portion and a lower portion, thechamber comprising a wall and the lower portion being fluidly connectedto the upper portion such that, when liquid is received at the upperportion, the received liquid can pass to and accumulate in the lowerportion, wherein the freeze-dried material is located in said lowerportion, and the wall in said lower portion comprises a rough surface towhich the freeze-dried material is bonded, whereby the freeze-driedbiological sample is prevented from moving from the lower portion to theupper portion.
 16. A container according to The container of claim 15,wherein said biological sample comprises an enzyme. 17-18. (canceled)